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SYNERGISTIC ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA, HONEY AND CIPROFLOXACIN ON SELECTED UROPATHOGENS
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Infectious diseases are the critical problems of the world due to the advent of different antibacterial resistant microorganisms which could be caused by several reasons like overuse and misuse of drugs. This problem has led to the search of new treatment methods in other to reduce and alleviate resistance by uropathogens. The aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa calyx was subjected to Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared assays while phytochemical screening was conducted following standard microbiological methods. Among the various compounds revealed by GC-MS, the presence of 9-Octadecanoic acid (Z) methyl ester in the aqeous extract validates the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antimicrobial properties of H. sabdariffa calyx. Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the plant extract and honey showed the functional groups present and at different peaks. Phytochemicals revealed in H. sabdariffa calyx and honey include tannin, phenol, saponin, steroids, terpernoids, flavonoid and glycoside while, alkaloids and phlobatannin were absent. Agar diffusion method was used to test the in-vitro interactive activity of the H. sabdariffa, honey and ciprofloxacin. The antibacterial testing showed the efficacy of both the plant extract and honey on clinical and typed bacterial strains. Only H. sabdariffa extract had its minimum inhibitory concentration at 12.5 mg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 while honey was only effective at 100% on all tested organisms. The result of the interactive combination showed a synergistic reaction of aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa at higher concentration with lower concentrations of honey and ciprofloxacin giving a highest zone of inhibition (42.00 mm) on Enterococcus feacalis. This study has validated the folkloric use of H. sabdariffa, honey and ciprofloxacin which showed an overall increase in the activity of the combination against uropathogens. Thus there is a scope to develop effective combinations of antibiotics and ethnomedical products based on their complementary mode of actions against uropathogens.
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Authors: Bodunrinde, Ruth Ebunoluwa; Oladunmoye, Muftau Kolawole; Bayode, Michael Tosin; Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun and Gabriel, Paul Oladimeji
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Keywords: Antibacterial, Combination, Hibiscus sabdariffa, ethnomedicine, uropathogens, synergy
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